个人资料第18位Ⅹ不读“叉”，也不读“埃克斯”，应该读...

fting an equation, because every part is extremely precise and carries a lot of information. That's one of the reasons so much of what we've come to think of as Western science and mathematics and engineering was really worked out in the first few centuries of the Common Era by the Persians and the Arabs and the Turks.

大约六年前，我决定自学希伯来文，这是一个非常有创造性的语法。每用希伯来文写下一个含义 或一个句子，就如编解一道定律，因为它的每一其余部分都非常精确，还伴随着很多个人信息。如此之多的生物学、拓扑学学和系统工程基本知识，我们以为是西方人见到的，而基本上都是由波斯人、穆斯林和土耳其人在公元后期几个世纪见到的，这就是情况之一。

This includes the little system in Arabic called al-jebra. And al-jebr roughly translates to "the system for reconciling disparate parts." Al-jebr finally came into English as algebra. One example among many.

这其中所包括一个在希伯来文中所专指“al-jabr”的管理系统。而“al-jabr”北至南的原意是“一套将牵涉到‘代’化成具体的体系”。其后“Al-jabr”变成了英语中所的拓扑学，这是有数（关于希伯来文的）案例之一。

The Arabic texts containing this mathematical wisdom finally made their way to Europe ；还有 which is to say Spain ；还有 in the 11th and 12th centuries. And when they arrived there was tremendous interest in translating this wisdom into a European language.

在11和12世纪，十分相似拓扑学学智慧的阿拉伯文学传播到了欧洲各国，准确的来说，比如说瓦伦西亚。而它们的到来业给初期社则会的人们带来了浓厚的兴趣，一定会把这种智慧写下已是欧洲各国的语法。

But there were problems. One problem is there are some sounds in Arabic that just don't make it through a European voice box without lots of practice. Trust me on that one. Also, those very sounds tend not to be represented by the characters that are available in European languages.

但是关键问题也随着消失了，其中所一个关键问题说的是希伯来文中所长期存在一些音，是如果从未经过大量的唱歌，欧洲各国人无论如何也不能发出的。此外，这些音往往必须被欧洲各国语法中所已有的大写下字母来回应。

Here's one of the culprits. This is the letter SHeen, and it makes the sound we think of as SH ；还有 "sh." It's also the very first letter of the word shalan, which means "something" just like the the English word "something" ；还有 some undefined, unknown thing.

有这么一个案例，这是大写下字母“SHeen”，它对应我们英语中所SH的音—“sh”。它也是“shalan”这个含义的首大写下字母，原意是“比如说”。就跟英语中所的“比如说 (something)”一个原意，都有某些这不或不得而知的从前。

Now in Arabic, we can make this definite by adding the definite article "al." So this is al-shalan ；还有 the unknown thing. And this is a word that appears throughout early mathematics, such as this 10th century derivation of proofs.

而在希伯来文中所，它可以更加有含义。当我们写下上含义尾“al”之前，这是al-shalan, 都有着“不得而知的从前”。而这个单含义的行踪相接于后期拓扑学学，比如在这个10世纪的证明推导题里面。

The problem for the Medieval Spanish scholars who were tasked with translating this material is that the letter SHeen and the word shalan can't be rendered into Spanish because Spanish doesn't have that SH, that "sh" sound. So by convention, they created a rule in which they borrowed the CK sound, "ck" sound, from the classical Greek in the form of the letter Kai.

初期专责翻译这些金属材料的中所世纪瓦伦西亚人类学家遇见了解决办法——这个“SHee”大写下字母和“shalan”一含义不能用意大利语表达，因为意大利语中所从未“SH”的“sh”音。所以依照先例，他们创建了一个规则， 他们借用“CK”的音——“ck”， 这来自于荷马语中所的大写下字母“X (Kai)”。

Later when this material was translated into a common European language, which is to say Latin, they simply replaced the Greek Kai with the Latin X. And once that happened, once this material was in Latin, it formed the basis for mathematics textbooks for almost 600 years.

其后，当这文中被写下已是一种欧洲各国的区别于语法，也就是意大利文，他们有用的把希伯来语中所的“X (Kai)” 用意大利文中所的“X”取而代之。一旦这借助于了，一旦写下成了意大利文，它就为拓扑学学传道科书打下了基本，至今已超过600年。

But now we have the answer to our question. Why is it that X is the unknown? X is the unknown because you can't say "sh" in Spanish. (Laughter) And I thought that was worth sharing.

我们今日有了一开始关键问题的答案。为什么是“X”都有着依此类推？“X”是依此类推，因为你不能在意大利语中所发"sh"这个音。我普遍认为这值得分享。

但在即使如此，并从未人规定X必须都有依此类推，大家按照个人喜好使用多个大写下字母回应依此类推，一种少用的方法是用N回应依此类推，Q回应依此类推的平方，C回应依此类推的立方。也有人用l回应依此类推，用q、c、qq、qc等回应依此类推的更高次方。最终将X奠定为回应依此类推的标准基本概念的人，是瓦伦西亚代地理学家形而上学。就是那个在便条里面写下出名关爱定律r=a（1-sin）的形而上学。作为解析几何的奠基者，形而上学在《线性代数》（La Géométrie）这部经典作品中所用a、b、c回应仅有数，用x、y、z回应依此类推。其后，发明除法符号的瑞士代地理学家Johann Rahn用小写下大写下字母回应不得而知量，小写下大写下字母回应仅有量。由于这个情况，X也已是神秘不得而知的代言人。许多科幻经典作品把X作为神秘组织或文艺作品的代号，比如出名的《X档案室》和《X战警》。圣诞节为啥写下成Xmas？Christmas由Christ（基督）和Mass（祈祷、祷文）两个含义组合而来，指为致敬基督耶稣的降生而聚集纪念活动的活动。更早的《新约》用希腊文书写下，在希伯来语中所，X是“基督”这个含义的首大写下字母，所以人们近似于X作为”基督”一含义的缩写下。到了英语发展中国家，这一写下法沿袭了原地。今日Xmas更多为了任左，同音仍使用Christmas的同音，即Xmas读过作[ˈkrɪsməs]。神秘莫测的X字典中所X开首的单含义只有几页，而且大多是艰涩无聊的专业课程含义汇，日近似于含义极少之又极少，这是为啥呢？一般普遍认为，这和x的同音有关。x的音中所有两个辅音：/ks/。如果单含义以x开首，则会很难读过。所以，x开首的单含义不仅数量极少，同音也通常为/z/。比如：xanthine ['zænθiːn] n. 黄质；苯甲酸xenolith ['zenəlɪθ] n. 捕虏岩xerophytes [ 'zerəfaɪts ] n.旱生植物、不耐植物在个人信息技术领域，X则象征“实验室”“探寻”和“创新”，已是experimental（实验室性）的缩写下。比如装载马斯克天王星族裔梦的Space X，全称是Space Exploration Technologies（美国人造卫星探寻个人信息技术子公司），X都有Exploration（探寻）。Skype专门专责个人信息技术研发的部门，则叫做Google X，用X都有创新精神。不过，草莓PDAiPhone X中所的X，则是为了致敬草莓PDA发布十周年，X是罗马位数10。生物学君开店啦人民日报传道你写下好作文热卖中所...

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